Nc Import For Solidworks Copyright notice: Pirated Software Hurts Software Developers. Using Nc Import For Solidworks Free Download crack, warez, password, serial numbers, torrent, keygen, registration codes, key generators is illegal and your business could subject you to lawsuits and leave your operating systems without patches. We do not host any torrent files or links of Nc Import For Solidworks from depositfiles.com, rapidshare.com, any file sharing sites. All download links are direct full download from publisher sites or their selected mirrors. Avoid: oem software, old version, warez, serial, torrent, keygen, crack of Nc Import For Solidworks. Consider: Nc Import For Solidworks full version, full download, premium download, licensed copy. Files 1-30 of 60| Go to 1 page. Top 4 Download periodically updates software information of nc import for solidworks full versions from the publishers, but some information may be slightly out-of-date. Using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for nc import for solidworks license key is illegal. Download links are directly from our mirrors or publisher's website, nc import for solidworks torrent files or shared files from free file sharing and free upload services, including Rapidshare, MegaUpload, YouSendIt, Letitbit, DropSend, MediaMax, HellShare, HotFile, FileServe, LeapFile, MyOtherDrive or MediaFire, are not allowed! Your computer will be at risk getting infected with spyware, adware, viruses, worms, trojan horses, dialers, etc while you are searching and browsing these illegal sites which distribute a so called keygen, key generator, pirate key, serial number, warez full version or crack for nc import for solidworks. These infections might corrupt your computer installation or breach your privacy. Nc import for solidworks keygen or key generator might contain a trojan horse opening a backdoor on your computer. Attention, Internet Explorer User Announcement: Jive has discontinued support for Internet Explorer 7 and below. In order to provide the best platform for continued innovation, Jive no longer supports Internet Explorer 7. Jive will not function with this version of Internet Explorer. Please consider upgrading to a more recent version of Internet Explorer, or trying another browser such as Firefox, Safari, or Google Chrome. (Please remember to honor your company's IT policies before installing new software!) • • • •. SolidWorks and our manufacturing partners provide several key capabilities to help meet your manufacturing challenges including: Design for Cost and cost estimation. NC Import for SolidWorks is a Numeric Control NC program (.nc) file import add-in for SolidWorksT«. This add-in gives SolidWorks the ability to import toolpath data from NC program files. CNC Machines worldwide use Numeric Control (.nc,.ncc or.cnc) files to convert programmed instructions to tool movement. NC Import for SolidWorks is a Numeric Control NC program (.nc) file import add-in for SolidWorks. This add-in gives SolidWorks the ability to import toolpath. Could someone recomend a N.C producing software / add on which could do the following. From this Solidworks part we then would like to create N.C data so these parts could be drilled cut to length on our burning / saw and drill machine. We use CamWorks for generating our toolpaths.
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'RS-274' redirects here. For the photoplotter format, see. G-code Procedural, Imperative First appeared 1950s (first edition).mpt,.mpf.nc and several others Major many, mainly Sinumerik,,,,. Generally there is one international standard— 6983. G-code (also RS-274), which has many variants, is the common name for the most widely used (NC). It is used mainly in to control automated machine tools. G-code is sometimes called G programming language, not to be confused with 's G programming language. G-code is a language in which people tell computerized how to make something. The 'how' is defined by g-code instructions provided to a machine controller (industrial computer) that tells the motors where to move, how fast to move, and what path to follow. The most common situation is that, within a, a is moved according to these instructions through a toolpath and cuts away material to leave only the finished workpiece. The same concept also extends to noncutting tools such as forming or burnishing tools,, methods such as 3D printing, and measuring instruments. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Implementations [ ] The first implementation of a numerical control programming language was developed at the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory in the late 1950s. In the decades since, many implementations have been developed by many (commercial and noncommercial) organizations. G-code has often been used in these implementations. The main standardized version used in the United States was settled by the in the early 1960s. [ ] A final revision was approved in February 1980 as RS-274-D. In other countries, the standard 6983 is often used, but many European countries use other standards. For example, 66025 is used in Germany, and PN-73M-55256 and PN-93/M-55251 were formerly used in Poland. Extensions and variations have been added independently by control manufacturers and machine tool manufacturers, and operators of a specific controller must be aware of differences of each manufacturer's product. One standardized version of G-code, known as BCL, is used only on very few machines. [ ] During the 1970s through 1990s, many CNC machine tool builders attempted to overcome compatibility difficulties by standardizing on machine tool controllers built. Was another market dominator in CNC controls, especially in Europe. In the 2010s, controller differences and incompatibility are not as troublesome because machining operations are developed with CAD/CAM applications that can output the appropriate G-code called a post for a specific machine tool. Some CNC machines use 'conversational' programming, which is a -like programming mode that either hides G-code or completely bypasses the use of G-code. Some popular examples are Okuma's Advanced One Touch (AOT), Southwestern Industries' ProtoTRAK, Mazak's Mazatrol, Hurco's Ultimax, Haas' Intuitive Programming System (IPS), and Mori Seiki's CAPS conversational software. Apr 29, 2017. It controls its position and depth on the X, Y and Z axes. The process then ends with CNC control software which will read your G-code and turn it into motion to run your CNC machine. From CAD drawing to. It has versions that provides a range of capabilities in 2, 3, 4 and 5 axis machining. The advantages of CNC motion control really start to make. Anyone who can program a CNC can do the programming on general motion applications, including axis and. Download your free GRBL Pocket Guide to make setting up your CNC machine faster & easier. Get all the information you need in one place. G-code began as a limited language that lacked constructs such as loops, conditional operators, and programmer-declared variables with -word-including names (or the expressions in which to use them). It was unable to encode logic, but was just a way to 'connect the dots' where the programmer figured out many of the dots' locations longhand. The latest implementations of G-code include macro language capabilities somewhat closer to a. Additionally, all primary manufacturers (e.g., Fanuc, Siemens, Heidenhain) provide access to PLC data, such as axis positioning data and tool data, via variables used by NC programs. These constructs make it easier to develop automation applications. Specific codes [ ] G-codes, also called preparatory codes, are any word in a CNC program that begins with the letter. Sample Block Code Description% Signals start of data during file transfer. Originally used to stop tape rewind, not necessarily start of program. For some controls (FANUC) the first LF (EOB) is start of program. ISO uses%, EIA uses ER (0x0B). O4968 (OPTIONAL PROGRAM DESCRIPTION OR COMMENT) Sample face and turn program. Comments are enclosed in parentheses. N01 M216 Turn on load monitor N02 G20 G90 G54 D200 G40 Inch units. Absolute mode. Activate work offset. Activate tool offset. Deactivate tool nose radius compensation. N03 G50 S2000 Set maximum spindle speed in rev/min — This setting affects Constant Surface Speed mode N04 T0300 Index turret to tool 3. Clear wear offset (00). This section possibly contains. Please by the claims made and adding. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (January 2016) () G-code's programming environments have evolved in parallel with those of general programming—from the earliest environments (e.g., writing a program with a pencil, typing it into a tape puncher) to the latest environments that combine CAD (), CAM (), and richly featured G-code editors. (G-code editors are analogous to, using colors and indents semantically [plus other features] to aid the user in ways that basic can't. • EIA Standard RS-274-D Interchangeable Variable Block Data Format for Positioning, Contouring, and Contouring/Positioning Numerically Controlled Machines, 2001 Eye Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20006: Electronic Industries Association, February 1979 •. Retrieved 2014-06-30. • ^, pp. 1162–1226. • ^, p. 61 • • ^, pp. 29–30. • MMS editorial staff (2010-12-20),, Modern Machine Shop, 83 (8 [2011 Jan]): 100–105. Online ahead of print. • Lynch, Mike (2010-01-18),, Modern Machine Shop (online ed.). • Lynch, Mike (2011-10-19),, Modern Machine Shop (online ed.). • ^ Korn, Derek (2014-05-06),,. Bibliography [ ] • Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (1996), Green, Robert E.; McCauley, Christopher J., eds., (25th ed.), New York, NY, USA: Industrial Press,,. • Smid, Peter (2008), CNC Programming Handbook (3rd ed.), New York: Industrial Press,,. • Smid, Peter (2010), CNC Control Setup for Milling and Turning, New York: Industrial Press,,. • Smid, Peter (2004),, Industrial Press,. External links [ ] • • • Kramer, T. R.; Proctor, F. M.; Messina, E. (1 Aug 2000),,, NISTIR 6556 • Has several links (including history of MIT Servo Lab) • • •. Questions and Answers to the 9 Axis CNC Program Questions and Answers to the 9 Axis CNC Program Q: For what is this program usefull? A: Usefull for common milling-, lathe- and mock-up works and also robotics with many axis. New: 6D and Automatic Correction with Reference-drive if Steps lost (Overload)! New: 2,3,4,5 and 6D Linear- or Circularinterpolation[2D] with 14-digit Precision! New: Helix-Interpolation (Circuit or Parabola with linear Motion of 3. New: Triangle- and Squarecycles with 3D bended bottom planes! New: 3D Workzone with more than 10^51 Positions (0.01mm Raster, 1/18 Microstep)! New: Acceleration- and Brake-Ramps for smooth Motions nearly steplessly adjustable! New: 4 Axis-Interpolation (4D) and Teach-In-Drive through one parallel Port! New: Designed for high-speed Microstep-Applications with Auto-Shift to lower steps! Q: What kind of PC is the minimum hardware requirement for operate this CNC-Program? A: Use a PC 486 DX with 33 Mhz or higher. It requires a DOS Operation System installed, e.g. MS-Windows 3.1/95/98 also includes an usefull DOS-Mode. The motion speed control works with program-loops, depending on the PC's performance. There are more than 4 Billion gears (speed-reductions) available. Pre-adjust the PC's groundspeed in the file 'paramet', which is delivered with the package. For 6D applications we recomment use a Pentium PC or equals with min. Q: Which steppermotor-driverboards are compatible to this CNC-Program? A: Those with 5V CMOS/TTL logic and 2 Bit (direction and clock/enable) standard signals. Please notice our own! Q: How do I have to wire the parallel port to the steppermotor-driverunits? A: Call in DOS mode 'startcnc' or 'cnc'. Or you may read the information table below. Kaspersky Security for Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 5.5.1388 is free to download from our software library. The program lies within Security Tools, more precisely Antivirus. This free software was originally produced by Kaspersky Lab. This download was checked by our antivirus and was rated as safe. The latest setup package occupies 41.8 MB on disk. The most popular version among the program users is 5.5. Kaspersky速 Security for Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 is a solution that protects users of corporate mail systems against viruses and unsolicited mail (i.e., spam). 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Thus far, his German interrogator had seemed uninterested in extracting military intelligence, and had acted with genuine kindness. He made friendly conversation, shared some of his wife's delicious baked goods, and took the pilot out for a lovely stroll in the German countryside. So when the interrogator. He has been called the 'Master Interrogator' of the Luftwaffe and possibly all of; he has also been praised for his contribution in shaping U.S. Interrogation techniques after the war. As an he was charged with interrogating German-captured American during the war after he became an interrogation officer in 1943. He has been highly praised for the success of his techniques, in particular because he never used physical means to obtain the required information. Scharff’s interrogation techniques were so effective that he was occasionally called upon to assist other German interrogators in their questioning of pilots and aircrews, including those crews and fighter pilots from countries other than the. Additionally, he was charged with questioning many V.I.P.s (Very Important Prisoners) that were funneled through the interrogation center, namely senior officers and world-famous. In 1948, Scharff was invited by the to give lectures on his interrogation techniques and first-hand experiences. The film features interviews with two survivors, Chuck Woods and Ruth Jensen-Forbell, and an interrogator, John Tileston Sr. Definition of interrogator. 1: one that interrogates. 2: a radio transmitter and receiver for sending out a signal that triggers a transponder and for receiving and displaying the reply. Military later incorporated his methods into its curriculum at its interrogation schools. Many of his methods are still taught in US Army interrogation schools. Scharff was granted immigration status. From the 1950s until his death in 1992, he redirected his efforts to artistry, namely. He eventually became a world-renowned mosaic artisan, with his handiwork on display in locations such as the building;; several schools, colleges, and universities, including the giant Outdoor Mosaic Mural facade of the Fine Arts Center;; and in the 15-foot arched mosaic walls featuring the story of inside at,. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Biography [ ] Early life [ ] Scharff was born on December 16, 1907, in, (now, ), to Hans Hermann Scharf and Else Scharf (née Jahn) and was the second of three sons, the elder being Eberhardt and the younger, Wolfgang, who died in his teens. Hanns Scharff added an extra ‘f’ to the end of his last name as an adult; some ancestors spelled their last names that way. Scharff’s father, a officer before and during the, died in 1917 in from wounds received during World War I on the in in July 1916. He was the recipient of the (I and II Class), the, and the, 'all for bravery in combat,' of which his son was immensely proud. Scharff’s mother was the daughter of one of the founders of one of the largest mills in Germany. Her father, Christian G. Jahn, lived at the spacious Villa Jahn in, Germany, just south of, and adjacent to the large textile factory compound. After Hans Hermann Scharf’s first stint in the army prior to World War I, he joined Christian Jahn as a partner in the textile business, moving his family into the Villa Jahn to live with his. His son, Hanns Scharff, was raised in the Villa Jahn until adulthood and schooled in. It was during his schooling there that he was first trained in various forms of art, which would eventually serve as a basis for his profession after World War II. Pre-war career [ ] Scharff's older brother, Eberhardt, was expected to take over the textile business from his grandfather, Jahn. Hanns was also encouraged to learn the family business and trained for three years in textiles and while still a teenager. Next, he was trained in and, and finally. Scharff then traveled to work in the Adlerwerke Foreign Office in, South Africa to gain experience in sales (specifically of the produced in Frankfurt, Germany) for one year. However, he was so successful at his job that, instead of returning to Germany, he was promoted to Director of the Overseas Division and continued to make Johannesburg his home for the next 10 years leading up to the outbreak of World War II. While in South Africa, Scharff met and married a South African British woman, Margaret Stokes. Margaret was the daughter of Captain, first a pilot in in 1913, and later a squadron leader in the. World War II [ ] Pre-Auswertestelle West military career [ ] Scharff was visiting Greiz, Germany, during the summer of 1939 when World War II broke out. Because of the war and being unable to travel as a result, he was more or less stranded in Germany. After finding work in and while living in Berlin with his wife and then three children, he was drafted into the; he subsequently trained for two months in. Scharff was originally to be deployed to the. However, when Margaret Scharff learned of her husband's destination, she, angry at the thought of a fluent English-speaking German soldier's life being wasted at the Eastern Front, intervened. She talked her way into the office of a German general in Berlin and pleaded her husband's case, convincing the general of the error which was about to take place. The general sent a to Scharff's panzer unit, informing his superiors that Scharff was to be transferred immediately to the Dolmetscher Kompanie XII (Interpreters Company 12), based in Wiesbaden, to serve as a German/English. He had been slated to leave for the Russian Front the morning the telegram arrived. The rest of his fellow grenadiers were sent on to Russia. After traveling by train to, Scharff asked at the train station where Dolmetscher Kompanie XII was based, not having been given any indication of its location before leaving his panzer unit. Unfamiliar with Kompanie XII, the at the train station directed Scharff to report to another panzergrenadier battalion destined for the Eastern Front. Frustrated and concerned over his new battalion's unwillingness to transfer him to his correct unit, Scharff recalled a letter that his father had written to each of his boys shortly before he died. In the letter, his father told him that, should he ever need help or guidance, to contact one or both of his dearest friends in his regiment, Majors Ledebur and Postel. Scharff contacted then-Lieutenant Colonel Postel, who agreed to take his situation up with the commanding general, whom he knew personally. The next morning, the general telephoned the panzer unit and ordered that Scharff be released to his proper unit. After arriving at Kompanie XII in, Scharff trained in nuances and military organization. During the spring of 1943, he was promoted to and transferred to headquarters in Wiesbaden. Unsatisfied with his job of 'manufactur[ing] little round holes' as a clerk at Headquarters, he joked to the that he had figured out that the cost of each hole he punched was five. The adjutant informed the general of Scharff's calculations, and the general summoned Scharff and told him that he did not like low-ranking personnel 'figuring out costs what were none of their business.' However, after hearing Scharff's story, the general agreed to send him—only one of three allowed per year—to the Luftwaffe interrogation center at, Germany, to interpret for the interrogators. Auswertestelle West Interrogation Officer [ ] The Luftwaffe interrogation center at Oberursel, just north of, was officially known as Auswertestelle West (Intelligence and Evaluation Center West). It served as the initial in-processing and interrogation center for all captured Air Force personnel, except for aircrews, who were interrogated elsewhere. Upon arrival, Scharff began in the Camp Office—Reception (COR) and was eventually promoted by the Chief of the Fighter Interrogation Section, Captain Horst H. 'Big Chief' Barth, to assistant interrogation officer of the American Fighters section responsible for the and. It was during his training as an assistant interrogation officer that Scharff claims he learned his interrogation techniques through observation; he was never formally trained. He assisted two USAAF Fighter interrogators named Weyland and Schröder. While Scharff was on leave in late 1943, Weyland and Schröder went up in a aircraft with a Luftwaffe fighter pilot from the unit at Eschborn Airbase. The aircraft's engine malfunctioned and the plane crashed, killing the pilot and Schröder, and mortally injuring Weyland. The accident prompted Barth to promote Scharff to interrogation officer over the USAAF Fighter Section; he was also officially transferred from the Army to the Luftwaffe at that time but was not promoted in rank. He was later provided with an assistant interrogator, Otto 'Canadian Wild Bill' Engelhardt. Technique [ ] Scharff was opposed to physically abusing prisoners to obtain information. Learning on the job, he instead relied upon the Luftwaffe's approved list of techniques, which mostly involved making the interrogator seem as if he is his prisoner's greatest advocate while in captivity. Scharff described various experiences with new POW's (prisoners of war), outlining the procedure most of his fellow interrogators were instructed to use. Initially, the POW's fear and sense of disorientation, combined with isolation while not in interrogation, were exploited to gain as much initial biographical information as possible. A prisoner was frequently warned that, unless he could produce information beyond name, rank, and serial number, such as the name of his unit and airbase, the Luftwaffe would have no choice but to assume he was a spy and turn him over to the for questioning. For Scharff, this technique apparently worked quite well. In addition to initially preying upon his prisoner's fears of the infamous Gestapo, he portrayed himself as their closest ally in their predicament, telling them that while he would like nothing more than to see them safely deposited in a POW camp, his hands were tied unless the prisoner gave him the few details that he requested to help him properly identify the prisoner as a true POW. After a prisoner's fear had been allayed, Scharff continued to act as a good friend, including sharing jokes, homemade food items, and occasionally alcoholic beverages. He was fluent in English and knowledgeable about British customs and some American ones, which helped him to gain the trust and friendship of many of his prisoners. In addition, he could empathize with the captured Allied aviators drawing on the fact that he was not only married to an Englishwoman, but also a son-in-law of a World War I British fighter ace (Claude Stokes, as noted above). Some high-profile prisoners were treated to outings to German airfields (one POW was even allowed to take a fighter for a trial run), tea with German fighter aces, swimming pool excursions, and luncheons, among other things. Prisoners were treated well medically at the nearby Hohe Mark Hospital, and some POW's were occasionally allowed to visit their comrades at this hospital for company's sake, as well as the better meals provided there. Scharff was best known for taking his prisoners on strolls through the nearby woods, first having them swear an oath of honor that they would not attempt to escape during their walk. He chose not to use these nature walks as a time to directly ask his prisoners obvious military-related questions but instead relied on the POW's desire to speak to anyone outside of isolated captivity about informal, generalized topics. Prisoners often volunteered information the Luftwaffe had instructed Scharff to acquire, frequently without realizing they had done so. The Luftwaffe kept a vast collection of personal information about any pilot or commander in an enemy air wing in individual files. Scharff, when faced with a tight-lipped prisoner, usually consulted these files during interrogation sessions. He began by asking a prisoner a question he already knew the answer to, informing the prisoner that he already knew everything about him, but his superiors had given instruction that the prisoner himself had to say it. Scharff continued asking questions that he would then provide the answers for, each time hoping to convince his captive that there was nothing he did not already know. When he eventually got to the piece of information he did not have, prisoners would frequently give the answer, assuming Scharff already had it in his files anyway, often saying so as they provided the information. Scharff made a point of keeping the Luftwaffe's lack of knowledge a strict secret so as to exploit the same tactic further in later conversations. Scharff's prisoners [ ] Scharff interrogated many prisoners over the course of his few years as an interrogator at Auswertestelle West. Among the most famous of these was Lt. Col., the top American fighter ace in Europe during the war. Scharff expressed his delight at finally being able to meet Gabreski, who had crashed his P-47 while strafing a German airfield, as he stated he had been expecting his arrival for some time. He had Gabreski's photo hanging on the wall in his office for months prior to his arrival in anticipation of his capture and interrogation. Gabreski holds the distinction of being one of the few captives that Scharff never gained any intelligence from during interrogation. Scharff and Gabreski remained friends well after the war. In 1983, they reenacted an interrogation at a reunion held in Chicago of Stalag Luft III POWS. This event was videotaped and is still available from RDR Productions in Glenview, IL. [ ] Scharff also interrogated Col., Maj., Capt., Col. Johnson, and Col., among many others. He was also asked to interrogate Lt., who was later tried with and found guilty of treason in the United States for his activities during the war. Scharff was asked to testify during his trial in the U.S. Immigration to the U.S. [ ] Scharff first came to the U.S. In 1948 when he was asked to testify in Lt. Monti's treason trial. While there, he met with various USAF officials and lectured about prisoner interrogation techniques at and other locales. Mosaic artistry [ ] After immigrating to the United States following World War II, Scharff fell back upon the artistic influences and training he had acquired during his youth in Germany and began creating mosaic art and furniture products decorated with mosaics for sale within the New York City area. Reportedly instantly successful, he expanded his business to locations around the U.S. Now financially successful, he moved his business to Los Angeles, California, less than a decade after starting it. His new business, Hanns Scharff Designs, brought in even more business in the private, public, and business realms, with each design making his name and work better known and desirable. In 1971, Scharff invited his daughter-in-law, Monika Scharff, to study under him alongside other mosaic artists in his expanding business. Both Scharffs created one of the most well known mosaics associated with Scharff's business, the five 15-foot wall mosaics telling the story of Cinderella in the at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. Among the many commissions Scharff received, he and his studio created the marbled mosaic floor in the California state capitol building, the mosaic entry ramps at Disney's Epcot Center in Florida, a large outdoor building fascade mosaic at in Utah, and the mosaiced eagle floor at the campus, in addition to several other private homes, hotels, schools, universities, department stores, shopping malls and churches worldwide. In the mid-1980s, Scharff asked Monika to be his business partner, forming the new 'Scharff and Scharff'. The two Scharffs continued to work together, expanding their business, until the elder Scharff's death on September 10, 1992. Monika continued their business as Scharff and Scharff, which is still in operation. Impact on modern interrogation [ ] The Interrogator [ ] Following the war and his moving to the U.S., Scharff began to write his memoirs of his time as a Luftwaffe interrogator. He reportedly never meant for his writings to be seen by anyone but himself. He chose select sections to publish in in 1950 in the form of a brief article titled 'Without Torture'. In the 1970s, military author Raymond Toliver contacted Scharff and asked if he could collaborate with him to publish what Scharff had written about his wartime experiences. Toliver examined what Scharff had written, and went about contacting many of the associates and former prisoners Scharff spoke about in his writings to verify what Scharff had claimed. Many of those contacted wrote letters to Toliver in return, which he then published in the book chronologically alongside what Scharff had written. In addition, Toliver conducted his own research of Scharff's life before, during, and after the war, essentially writing a nearly complete biography of Scharff in addition to Scharff's personal thoughts. The book was published in 1978 under the title The Interrogator: the Story of Hanns Scharff, Luftwaffe's Master Interrogator. It was republished by a different publisher in 1997. • Toliver, p.15 • Toliver, p.21 • Several, August 1997 • Toliver, p.84 • Toliver, p.18-20 • Toliver, p.25 • ^ Toliver, p.26 • Toliver, p.14 • Toliver, p.29-30 • Toliver, p.30 • Toliver, p.37 • Toliver, p.273 References [ ] • Some photos of Scharff's mosaic work can be seen. • Fulton, Ben 'The Interrogator: After Abu Ghraib and Gitmo, Torin Nelson has some questions about the War on Terror.' Salt Lake City Weekly, March 10, 2005 • Grier, Peter and Faye Bowers 'How interrogation tactics have changed', May 27, 2004 edition • Littlefield, Robert M. Excerpt from Double Nickel - Double Trouble • 'Hanns Scharff: Master Interrogator' • Scharff, Hanns J. 'Without Torture,' Argosy Magazine, May 1950 issue • The history of the custom mosaics company Hanns Scharff created with his daughter-in-law and business partner, Monika Scharff • Several, Michael 'Hanns Scharff: Biographical Information' August 1997 • Skindrud, Erik 'The Good Soldier: Lessons from the past for this generation’s military interrogators' September 9, 2004 • Smith, Mary and Barbara Freer 'The Luftwaffe Interrogators: Dulag Luft - Oberursel' • Toliver, Raymond F. 'The Interrogator: the Story of Hanns Scharff, Luftwaffe's Master Interrogator' AERO Publishers, 1978; Schiffer Publishing, 1997. • Vest, Jason 'Haunted by Abu Ghraib' April 1, 2006 • Wainright, Marshall 'The Strange Tale of the Only USAAF Pilot to Desert to the Germans' September 2004 • Walton, Marilyn Jeffers 'Rhapsody in Junk: A Daughter's Return To Germany To Finish Her Father's Story' AuthorHouse Publishers, May 4, 2007. 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Intellisense enabled SQL editor for Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, Sybase, etc. $ goss a file /etc/passwd $ goss a user nobody $ goss a --exclude-attr home --exclude-attr shell user nobody $ goss a --exclude-attr '* ' user nobody autoadd, aa - Auto add all matching resources to test suite Automatically all existing resources matching the provided argument. Will automatically add the following matching resources: • file - only if argument contains / • group • package • port • process - Also adding any ports it's listening to (if run as root) • service • user Will NOT automatically add: • addr • command - for safety • dns • http • interface • kernel-param • mount Example. Port: tcp:22: listening: true ip: - 0.0.0.0 tcp6:22: listening: true ip: - ':: ' service: sshd: enabled: true running: true user: sshd: exists: true uid: 74 gid: 74 groups: - sshd home: /var/empty/sshd shell: /sbin/nologin group: sshd: exists: true gid: 74 process: sshd: running: true render, r - Render gossfile after importing all referenced gossfiles This command allows you to keep your tests separated and render a single, valid, gossfile, by including them with the gossfile directive. Flags --debug This prints the rendered golang template prior to printing the parsed JSON/YAML gossfile. AutoAdd Plugin ¶. This plugin for Deluge 1.2+, adds multiple watch folder support. It supports settings per watch folder, including labels. This plugin comes included with Deluge 1.3+. Deluge 1.3.4 added magnet support for the watch folder. It supports a text file with a.magnet extension containing either. The latest Tweets from Auto Add-Ons (@AutoAdd_Ons): 'With any #Toyo or #Nitto #Tire purchase you can enter a draw to win a #Snowboard!| https. $ goss serve & $ curl # JSON endpoint $ goss serve --format json & $ curl localhost:8080/healthz validate, v - Validate the system validate runs the goss test suite on your server. Prints an rspec-like (by default) output of test results. Exits with status 0 on success, non-0 otherwise. Flags • --format, -f (output format) • documentation - Verbose test results • json - Detailed test result • json_oneline - Same as json, but oneliner • junit • nagios - Nagios/Sensu compatible output /w exit code 2 for failures. • nagios_verbose - Nagios output with verbose failure output. • rspecish (default) - Similar to rspec output • tap • silent - No output. Avoids exposing system information (e.g. When serving tests as a healthcheck endpoint). • --max-concurrent - Max number of tests to run concurrently • --no-color - Disable color • --color - Force enable color • --retry-timeout, -r - Retry on failure so long as elapsed + sleep time is less than this (default: 0) • --sleep, -s - Time to sleep between retries (default: 1s) Example. $ goss validate --format documentation File: /etc/hosts: exists: matches expectation: [true] DNS: localhost: resolvable: matches expectation: [true] [.] Total Duration: 0.002s Count: 10, Failed: 2, Skipped: 0 $ curl -s| goss validate.F.F [.] Total Duration: 0.002s Count: 6, Failed: 2, Skipped: 0 $ goss render| ssh remote-host 'goss -g - validate '. Total Duration: 0.002s Count: 6, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 Important note about goss file format It is important to note that both YAML and JSON are formats that describe a nested data structure. WRONG way to write a goss file. # goss validate --format documentation File: /var/www/html: exists: matches expectation: [true] File: /var/www/html: filetype: matches expectation: [ 'directory '] Service: httpd: enabled: matches expectation: [true] Service: httpd: running: matches expectation: [true] Total Duration: 0.014s Count: 8, Failed: 0, Skipped: 0 As you can see, the first file check has not been run because the second file entry overwrites the previous one. You need to make sure all the entries of the same type are under the same declaration. This is the CORRECT way to write a goss file. User: nfsnobody: # required attributes exists: true # optional attributes uid: 65534 gid: 65534 groups: - nfsnobody home: /var/lib/nfs shell: /sbin/nologin Patterns For the attributes that use patterns (ex. 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Such a site excavation concerns itself with a specific archaeological site or a connected series of sites, and may be conducted over as little as several weeks to over a number of years. Numerous specialized techniques each with its particular features are used. Resources and other practical issues do not allow archaeologists to carry out excavations whenever and wherever they choose. These constraints mean many known sites have been deliberately left unexcavated. This is with the intention of preserving them for future generations as well as recognising the role they serve in the communities that live near them. Excavation involves the recovery of several types of data from a site. These data include (objects made or modified by humans), features (modifications to the site itself such as post molds, burials, and hearths), (evidence for the local environment and resources being used such as snail shells, seeds, and butchered bones) and, most importantly, (relationships among the other types of data). Ideally, data from the excavation should suffice to reconstruct the site completely in three-dimensional space. The presence or absence of archaeological remains can often be suggested by, such as. Indeed, grosser information about the development of the site may be drawn from this work but the understanding of finer features usually requires excavation though appropriate use of. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Historical development [ ] Excavation techniques have developed over the years from a treasure hunting process to one which seeks to fully understand the sequence of human activity on a given site and that site's relationship with other sites and with the landscape in which it is set. The history of excavation began with a crude search for treasure and for artifacts which fell into the category of '. These curios were the subject of interest of. It was later appreciated that digging on a site destroyed the evidence of earlier people's lives which it had contained. Once the curio had been removed from its context, most of the information it held was lost. It was from this realization that antiquarianism began to be replaced by archaeology, a process still being perfected. Site formation [ ] Archaeological material tends to accumulate in events. A gardener swept a pile of soil into a corner, laid a gravel path or planted a bush in a hole. A builder built a wall and back-filled the trench. Years later, someone built a pigsty onto it and drained the pigsty into the nettle patch. Later still, the original wall blew over and so on. Each event, which may have taken a short or long time to accomplish, leaves a. This layer cake of events is often referred to as the. It is by analysis of this sequence or record that excavation is intended to permit interpretation, which should lead to discussion and understanding. Construction Safety Consensus Guidelines The INGAA Foundation, Inc. Trenching and Excavation Safety Document: CS-S-12 Revision: 0 Publication Date. FREE estimates. More than 20 years of experience. Urban area experts. Excavation, earth retention and shoring, site preparation, and grading. More About Our Company. Nearly every construction project starts with Excavation Contractors. With grading and digging for foundations and drainage systems. The prominent highlighted the fact that the archaeological evidence left at a site may not be entirely indicative of the historical events that actually took place there. Using an comparison, he looked at how hunters amongst the of north central spent a great deal of time in a certain area simply waiting for prey to arrive there, and that during this period, they undertook other tasks to pass the time, such as the carving of various objects, including a wooden mould for a mask, a horn spoon and an ivory needle, as well as repairing a skin pouch and a pair of caribou skin socks. Binford notes that all of these activities would have left evidence in the archaeological record, but that none of them would provide evidence for the primary reason that the hunters were in the area; to wait for prey. As he remarked, waiting for animals to hunt 'represented 24% of the total man-hours of activity recorded; yet there is no recognisable archaeological consequences of this behaviour. No tools left on the site were used, and there were no immediate material 'byproducts' of the 'primary' activity. All of the other activities conducted at the site were essentially boredom reducers.' Burial in Roman on a development funded site in London. Note 'out of phase' pipe intrusion left in for practical reasons Basic types [ ] There are two basic types of modern archaeological excavation: • Research excavation - when time and resources are available to excavate the site fully and at a leisurely pace. These are now almost exclusively the preserve of academics or private societies who can muster enough volunteer labour and funds. The size of the excavation can also be decided by the director as it goes on. • Development-led excavation - undertaken by professional archaeologists when the site is threatened by building development. Normally funded by the developer meaning that time is more of a factor as well as its being focused only on areas to be affected by building. The workforce is generally more skilled however and pre-development excavations also provide a comprehensive record of the areas investigated. Is sometimes thought of as a separate type of excavation but in practice tends to be a similar form of development-led practice. Various new forms of excavation terminology have appeared in recent years such as some of which have been criticized within the profession as jargon created to cover up for falling standards of practice. Development led archaeology [ ] There are two main types of trial excavation in professional archaeology both commonly associated with development-led excavation: the test pit or trench and the watching brief. The purpose of trial excavations is to determine the extent and characteristics of archaeological potential in a given area before extensive excavation work is undertaken. This is usually conducted in development-led excavations as part of planning. The main difference between and is that trial trenches are actively dug for the purpose of revealing archaeological potential whereas are cursory examination of trenches where the primary function of the trench is something other than archaeology, for example a trench cut for a gas pipe in a road. In the USA, a method of evaluation called a is used which is a specified half meter square line of trial trenches dug by hand. Concepts [ ] Stratification [ ]. In the excavation area in the Cemetery (). In archaeology, especially in excavating, is a fundamental concept. It is largely based on the. When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital to enable the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and the nature and date of its occupation. It is the archaeologist's role to attempt to discover what contexts exist and how they came to be created. Archaeological stratification or sequence is the dynamic superimposition of single units of stratigraphy or contexts. The context (physical location) of a discovery can be of major significance. More precisely, an archaeological context is an event in time which has been preserved in the archaeological record. The cutting of a pit or ditch in the past is a context, whilst the material filling it will be another. Multiple fills seen in would mean multiple contexts. Structural features, natural deposits and are also contexts. By separating a site into these basic, discrete units, archaeologists are able to create a chronology for activity on a site and describe and interpret it. Stratigraphic are the relationships created between contexts in time representing the chronological order they were created. An example would be a ditch and the back-fill of said ditch. The relationship of 'the fill' context to the ditch 'cut' context is 'the fill' occurred later in the sequence, i.e., you have to dig a ditch first before you can back-fill it. A relationship that is later in the sequence is sometimes referred to as 'higher' in the sequence and a relationship that is earlier 'lower' though the term higher or lower does not itself imply a context needs to be physically higher or lower. It is more useful to think of this higher or lower term as it relates to the contexts position in a, which is a two-dimensional representation of a site's formation in space and time. Combining stratigraphic contexts for interpretation [ ] Understanding a site in modern archaeology is a process of grouping single contexts together in ever larger groups by virtue of their relationships. The terminology of these larger clusters varies depending on practitioner but the terms interface, sub-group, group and land use are common. An example of a sub-group could be the three contexts that make up a burial; the grave cut, the body and the back-filled earth on top of the body. In turn sub-groups can be clustered together with other sub-groups by virtue of their stratigraphic relationship to form groups which in turn form '. A sub-group burial could cluster with other sub group burials to form a cemetery or burial group which in turn could be clustered with a building such as church to produce a 'phase'. A less rigorously defined combination of one or more contexts is sometimes called a. Phase and phasing [ ]. The same Romano-Celtic temple reduced in phase to the construction level immediately after the building of the inner wall and before the construction of the outer wall to the left of picture. Note reduction in phase has produced detailed information concerning the exact sequence of temple construction Phase is the most easily understood grouping for the layman as it implies a near contemporaneous representing 'what you would see if you went back to a specific point in time'. Often but not always a phase implies the identification of an occupation surface 'old ground level' that existed at some earlier time. The production of phase interpretations is one of the first goals of stratigraphic interpretation and excavation. Digging 'in phase' is not quite the same as phasing a site. Phasing a site represents reducing the site either in excavation or to contemporaneous horizons whereas 'digging in phase' is the process of stratigraphic removal of archaeological remains so as not to remove contexts that are earlier in time 'lower in the sequence' before other contexts that have a latter physical stratigraphic relationship to them as defined by the. The process of interpretation in practice will have a bearing on excavation strategies on site so 'phasing' a site is actively pursued during excavation where at all possible, and is considered good practice. In practice [ ]. Kilwinning Abbey Dig Introduction [ ] Excavation initially involves the removal of any topsoil overburden by machine. This material may be examined by for stray but unless the site has remained untouched since its abandonment there is invariably a layer of modern material on the surface of limited archaeological interest. In rural areas, any features are often visible beneath the surface as opposed to urban areas where there may be thick layers of human deposits and only the uppermost contexts will be initially visible and definable through isolation from other contexts. A strategy for sampling the contexts and features is formulated which may involve total excavation of each feature or only portions. It is preferred goal of excavation to remove all archaeological deposits and features in the reverse order they were created and construct a Harris matrix as a chronological record or 'sequence' of the site. This Harris matrix is used for interpretation and combining contexts into ever larger units of understanding. This stratigraphic removal of the site is crucial for understanding the chronology of events on site. It is perhaps easier to think of this as 'archaeological deposits should leave the site in the reverse order they arrived'. A grid is usually set up, dividing the site into 5 m squares to better aid the positioning of the features and contexts on the overall site plan. This grid is usually tied into a national database such as the in the UK. In this grid becomes invaluable for implementing single context recording. The single context recording system [ ] was developed in the 1970s by the (as well as earlier in Winchester and York) and has become the de facto recording system in many parts of the world and is especially suited to the complexities of deep and the process of. Each excavated context is given a unique 'context number' and is recorded by type on a context sheet and perhaps being drawn on a and/or a. Depending on time constraints and importance contexts may also be photographed, but in this case a grouping of contexts and their associations are the purpose of the photography. From each context are bagged and labeled with their context number and site code for later cross reference work carried out post-excavation. The height above sea level of pertinent points on a context, such as the top and bottom of a wall are taken and added to plans sections and context sheets. Heights are recorded with a or total station by relation to the site temporary (abbr. Samples of deposits from contexts are sometimes also taken, for later environmental analysis or for. Stratigraphic excavation in practice [ ]. Screening during an excavation. Finds and artifacts that survive in the archaeological record are retrieved in the main by hand and observation as the context they survive in is excavated. Several other techniques are available depending on suitability and time constraints. Sieving and is used to maximize the recovery of small items such as small shards of pottery or flint flakes. The use of sieving is more common on research based excavations where more time is available. Some success has been achieved with the use of cement mixers and bulk sieving. This method allows the quick removal of context by shovel and mattock yet allows for a high retrieval rate. Spoil is shovelled into cement mixers and water added to form a slurry which is then poured through a large screen mesh. Flotation is a process of retrieval that works by passing spoil onto the surface of water and separating finds that float from the spoil which sinks, this is especially suited to the recovery of environmental data such as seeds and small bones. Not all finds retrieval is done during excavation and some especially flotation may take place post-excavation from samples taken during excavation. One important role of finds retrieval during excavation is the role of specialists to provide information on the contexts being removed from the archaeological record. This can provide advance warning of potential discoveries to come by virtue of redeposited in contexts higher in the (which should be coming offsite earlier than contexts from early eras and phases). Spot dating also forms part of a confirmation process, of assessing the validity of the working hypothesis on the phasing of site during excavation. For example, the presence of an anomalous pottery in what was thought to be an Iron Age ditch feature could radically alter onsite thinking on the correct strategy for digging a site and save a lot of information being lost due to incorrect assumptions about the nature of the deposits which will be destroyed by the excavation process and in turn, limit the sites potential for revealing information for post-excavation specialists. Or anomalous information could show up errors in excavation such as 'undercutting'. In part relies on accurate excavation and in this sense the two activities become interdependent. Digital recording [ ] Archaeological excavation is an unrepeatable process, since the same area of the ground cannot be excavated twice. Thus, archaeology is often known as a destructive science, where you must destroy the original evidence in order to make observations. To mitigate this, highly accurate and precise digital methods can be used to record the excavation process and its results. Digital tools used by field archaeologists during excavation include,,,, 3d, and. After high quality digital data have been recorded, these data can then be shared over the internet for and use by the public and archaeological researchers. Digital imaging or digital image acquisition is, such as of a physical scene or of the interior structure of an object. The term is often assumed to imply or include the processing, compression, storage, printing, and display of the images. Mechanical excavation [ ]. Excavation at the site of the (Germany) This describes the use in excavations of various types and sizes of machines from small to heavy duty earth-moving machinery. Machines are often used in what is called salvage or rescue archaeology in developer-led excavation when there are financial or time pressures. Using a mechanical excavator is the quickest method to remove soil and debris and to prepare the surface for excavation by hand, taking care to avoid damaging archaeological deposits by accident or to make it difficult to identify later precisely where finds were located. The use of such machinery is often routine (as it is for instance with the British archaeological television series ) but can also be controversial as it can result in less discrimination in how the archaeological sequence on a site is recorded. One of the earliest uses of earth-moving machinery was at in 1967. An old road through the henge was to be straightened and improved and was going to cause considerable damage to the archaeology. Rosemary Hill describes how 'oversaw large, high-speed excavations, taking bulldozers to the site in a manner that shocked some of his colleagues but yielded valuable if tantalising information about what Durrington had looked like and how it might have been used.' Machines are used primarily to remove modern and for the control of. In mechanical diggers are sometimes nicknamed 'big yellow trowels'. Organisation of workforce [ ] A group of archaeological excavators will generally work for a supervisor who reports to the site director or project manager. The director will have ultimate responsibility for interpreting the site and writing the final report. Most excavations are eventually published in professional journals although this process can take years. This process takes place post-excavation and involves a myriad of other specialists. See also [ ]. • Binford, Lewis (1978). 'Dimensional analysis of behaviour & site structure: learning from an Eskimo hunting stand'. American Antiquity. • Barker (1982). Techniques of Archaeological Excavation (2nd ed.). London: Batsford.. • Roosevelt; Cobb; Moss; Olson; Ünlüsoy (2015).. Journal of Field Archaeology: 325–346.. • Van Horn, D.M.; J. White (1986). 'Some Techniques for Mechanical Excavation in Salvage Archaeology'. Journal of Field Archaeology. 13 (2): 239–244.. Past Perfect. Retrieved 4 September 2013. First Colony Foundation. Retrieved 10 October 2013. • Hill, Rosemary (2009).. Profile Books. Further reading [ ] • Corrado Pedeli and Stefano Pulga (2013). Conservation Practices on Archaeological Excavations: Principles and Methods, Los Angeles: Getty Publications, • Sharon Sullivan and Richard Mackay (2013). Archaeological Sites: Conservation and Management, Los Angeles: Getty Publications, External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to. • • • Reuben Thorpe - Which way is up? Context formation and transformation: The life and deaths of a hot bath in Beirut] • Record Checking Guidance for Anglo-Lebanese Excavations in Beirut] • Site Phasing and Higher order grouping guidelines for Anglo-Lebanese Excavations in Beirut] • • NIOSH Safety and Health Topic:. Posted on 2005-03-11 We are pleased to announce new versions of EMS PostgreSQL Data Pump, DB Comparer and Extract. You can download the newest versions from our web-site: Today all of these utilities support PostgreSQL 8. They became more stable and good-looking. EMS PostgreSQL Data Pump is a powerful utility for converting databases and importing table data from an ADO-compatible source. EMS PostgreSQL DB Comparer is a powerful utility for comparing PostgreSQL databases and discovering differences in their structure. 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EurekaLog 7.3.0.0, 24-September-2015 Changes: * Added: RAD Studio 10 Seattle support * Added: Performance counters for run-time (internal logging with --el_debug) * Added: csoCaptureDelphiExceptions option * Added: HKCU Software EurekaLab Viewer 4.0 UI Statuses registry key to allow status customizations in Viewer * Added: 'Disable hang detection under debugger' option * Added 'ECC32TradeSpeedForMemory' option - defaults to 0/False, could be changed to 1 via Custom/Manual tab. This option will switch from fast-methods to slower methods, but which take less memory. Use 0 (default) for small projects, use 1 for large projects (if ecc32 runs out of memory). With XLSSpreadSheet, you can work with Excel files just as they in Excel itself. The component don't need any other software or libraries to be installed. XLSSpreadSheet works togheter with XLSReadWriteII, wich also is included. XLSSpreadSheet is easy to use. 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